Endometrial Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Introduction

Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is the most common type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system. In this article, we will explore the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for endometrial cancer.

Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer often presents with the following symptoms:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods or after menopause

• Pelvic pain or discomfort

• Unexplained weight loss

• Feeling a mass or lump in the pelvic area

• Pain during sexual intercourse

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

Causes of Endometrial Cancer

The exact cause of endometrial cancer is not known, but certain risk factors have been identified:

• Increased levels of estrogen: High levels of estrogen without the counterbalancing hormone progesterone can lead to the overgrowth of the endometrium, increasing the risk of cancer.

• Obesity: Excess body fat can cause hormonal imbalances, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer.

• Age: The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring after menopause.

• Family history: Having a close relative, such as a sister or mother, with endometrial or colorectal cancer increases the risk.

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Women with PCOS have a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer due to hormonal imbalances.

Treatment of Endometrial Cancer

The treatment options for endometrial cancer depend on various factors, including the stage of the cancer, the overall health of the patient, and the patient's preferences. The main treatment modalities include:

• Surgery: The most common treatment for endometrial cancer is a hysterectomy, which involves the removal of the uterus and often the ovaries and fallopian tubes as well.

• Radiation therapy: This treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.

• Chemotherapy: Medications are used to kill cancer cells throughout the body.

• Hormone therapy: Certain medications can be used to block the effects of estrogen or lower estrogen levels in the body.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for individual cases.

Conclusion

Endometrial cancer is a prevalent type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the risk factors can help in early detection and prompt treatment. If you experience any symptoms or have concerns, it is crucial to seek medical advice for proper evaluation and diagnosis.