Periodontal Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a common oral health condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It is caused by bacterial infection and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for periodontal disease.

Causes of Periodontal Disease

The primary cause of periodontal disease is the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. When plaque is not removed through regular brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. Tartar irritates the gums, leading to inflammation and infection.

Other factors that can contribute to the development of periodontal disease include:

• Poor oral hygiene

• Smoking or tobacco use

• Genetic predisposition

• Hormonal changes, such as those during pregnancy or menopause

• Diabetes or other systemic diseases

• Stress

• Poor nutrition

Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease can manifest in various ways, and the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person. Common signs and symptoms of periodontal disease include:

• Red, swollen, or tender gums

• Bleeding gums, especially during brushing or flossing

• Receding gums or the appearance of longer teeth

• Persistent bad breath

• Pus between teeth and gums

• Loose or shifting teeth

• Changes in the way teeth fit together when biting

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a dental professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Treatment of Periodontal Disease

The treatment for periodontal disease depends on the severity of the condition. In the early stages, known as gingivitis, treatment focuses on removing the plaque and tartar buildup through professional dental cleaning. The dentist or dental hygienist will also provide guidance on proper oral hygiene practices to prevent further progression of the disease.

If periodontal disease has progressed to a more advanced stage, known as periodontitis, additional treatments may be necessary. These may include:

• Scaling and root planing: A deep cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar from below the gumline and smooths the root surfaces to promote gum reattachment.

• Antibiotics: Topical or oral antibiotics may be prescribed to control bacterial infection.

• Surgical interventions: In severe cases, surgical procedures such as flap surgery or bone and tissue grafts may be required to repair damaged tissues and promote gum and bone regeneration.

It is important to note that while periodontal disease can be managed and treated, it is a chronic condition that requires ongoing maintenance and regular dental visits to prevent recurrence.

In conclusion, periodontal disease is a common oral health condition caused by bacterial infection. It can be prevented through good oral hygiene practices and regular dental check-ups. If you notice any symptoms of periodontal disease, seek professional dental care for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.